A River Runs Through It--The Chicago River remains one of the most visible of the city's major physical features. It's spanned by more movable bridges (52 at last count) than any city in the world. An almost-mystical moment occurs downtown when all the bridges spanning the main and south branches -- connecting the Loop to both the Near West Side and the Near North Side -- are raised, allowing for the passage of some ship or barge or contingent of high-masted sailboats. The Chicago River has long outlived the critical commercial function that it once performed. Most of the remaining millworks that still occupy its banks no longer depend on the river alone for the transport of their materials, raw and finished. The river's main function today is to serve as a fluvial conduit for sewage, which, owing to an engineering feat that reversed its flow inland in 1900, no longer pollutes the waters of Lake Michigan. Recently, Chicagoans have begun to discover another role for the river, that of leisure resource, providing short cruises on its water, park areas, cafes, and public art installations on its banks, and the beginnings of a riverside bike path that connects to the lakefront route near Wacker Drive. Actually, today's developers aren't the first to wonder why the river couldn't be Chicago's Seine. A look at the early-20th-century beaux arts balustrades lining the river along Wacker Drive, complete with comfortably spaced benches -- as well as Parisian-style bridge houses -- shows that Daniel Burnham knew full well what a treasure the city had.
City Layout--The Chicago River forms a Y that divides the city into its three geographic zones: North Side, South Side, and West Side (Lake Michigan is where the East Side would be). The downtown financial district is called the Loop. The city's key shopping street is North Michigan Avenue, also known as the Magnificent Mile. In addition to department stores and vertical malls, this stretch of property north of the river houses many of the city's most elegant hotels. North and south of this downtown zone, Chicago stretches along 29 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline that is, by and large, free of commercial development, reserved for public use as green space and parkland from one end of town to the other.
Today Chicago proper has about 3 million inhabitants living in an area about two-thirds the size of New York City; another 5 million make the suburbs their home. The towns north of Chicago now stretch in an unbroken mass nearly to the Wisconsin border; the city's western suburbs extend 30 miles to Naperville, one of the fastest-growing towns in the nation over the past 2 decades. (Lake Michigan, a resort area, is to the city's east, while, a few miles to the south, you've got economically-depressed former steel towns such as Gary, Indiana.) The real signature of Chicago, however, is found between the suburbs and the Loop, where a colorful patchwork quilt of residential neighborhoods gives the city a character all its own.
Finding an Address -- Having been a part of the Northwest Territory, Chicago is laid out in a grid system, with the streets neatly lined up as if on a giant piece of graph paper. Because the city itself isn't rectangular (it's rather elongated), the shape is a bit irregular, but the perpendicular pattern remains. Easing movement through the city are a half-dozen or so major diagonal thoroughfares.
Point zero is located at the downtown intersection of State and Madison streets. State Street divides east and west addresses, and Madison Street divides north and south addresses. From here, Chicago's highly predictable addressing system begins. Making use of this grid, it is relatively easy to plot the distance in miles between any two points in the city.
Virtually all of Chicago's principal north-south and east-west arteries are spaced by increments of 400 in the addressing system -- regardless of the number of smaller streets nestled between them. And each addition or subtraction of 400 numbers to an address is equivalent to a half mile. Thus, starting at point zero on Madison Street and traveling north along State Street for 1 mile, you will come to 800 N. State St., which intersects Chicago Avenue. Continue uptown for another half mile and you arrive at the 1200 block of North State Street at Division Street. And so it goes, right to the city line, with suburban Evanston located at the 7600 block north, 9 1/2 miles from point zero.
The same rule applies when you're traveling south, or east to west. Thus, heading west from State Street along Madison Street, Halsted Street -- at 800 W. Madison St. -- is a mile's distance, while Racine Avenue, at the 1200 block of West Madison Street, is 1 1/2 miles from the center. Madison Street then continues westward to Chicago's boundary with the nearby suburb of Oak Park along Austin Avenue, which, at 6000 W. Madison, is approximately 7 1/2 miles from point zero.
The key to understanding the grid is that the side of any square formed by the principal avenues (noted in dark or red ink on most maps) represents a distance of half a mile in any direction. Understanding how Chicago's grid system works is of particular importance to those visitors who want to do a lot of walking in the city's many neighborhoods and who want to plot in advance the distances involved in trekking from one locale to another.
The other convenient aspect of the grid is that every major road uses the same numerical system. In other words, the cross street (Division St.) at 1200 N. Lake Shore Dr. is the same as at 1200 N. Clark St. and 1200 N. LaSalle St.
Street Maps -- A suitably detailed map of Chicago is published by Rand McNally, available at many newsstands and bookstores for less than $5 (the smaller, more manageable laminated versions cost $6.95). Rand McNally operates a thoroughly stocked retail store at 444 N. Michigan Ave. (tel. 312/321-1751), just north of the Wrigley Building.
