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Malaria and Malaria Prevention
Before embarking on your next exotic destination, make sure you are malaria-wise. Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted from person to person via an infected mosquito. While malaria can be fatal without treatment, it can normally be treated successfully with prompt medical attention. It can also be prevented. Some simple measures and basic malaria knowledge will be helpful before you explore malaria-infested areas (which include some of the world's most exciting travel spots)!
According to World Health Organization estimates, over 40 percent of the world's population lives in malaria-risk areas. Malarial regions exist in almost all tropical and subtropical countries. To find out if you are traveling to a risk area, call the Centers for Disease Control at 888-232-3299 to receive faxed information, or visit the CDC site.
Fast Facts
- Infected mosquitoes bite from dusk to dawn.
Anyone, of any age, can contract malaria.
There is generally less risk of malaria at altitudes above 4500 feet (1500 meters).
Mosquitoes like wet, swampy areas and thrive in tropical conditions.
Symptoms are flu-like and include fever, strong headache, fatigue, muscle aches, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Symptoms may appear as early as six days and as late as several months after travel in a malarial area. For proper treatment, it is essential that symptoms be addressed immediately.
Prevention
- Topical repellents. The most effective repellents contain DEET as the active ingredient. Follow the label instructions.
- Dress for success. Mosquitoes are active during nighttime hours, so wear long pants and a long-sleeved shirt to avoid exposure. In warm, tropical climates, light cotton pants and tops are a good choice for eveningwear.
- Bug spray. Bring insect spray for your sleeping area. Try using an insect-repelling incense stick or candle to help to keep the mossies at bay--chances are the locals will have a home-brewed version that works well.
- Mosquito netting. If you are not staying in well-screened accommodations, use a bed net. These can be purchased at camping supply stores. Nets will probably be provided in moderate and deluxe accommodation, but be sure to ask.
Malaria Medicines
- You should see a doctor four to six weeks before you travel to find out what shots and prescriptions you or your family may need. Anti-malarials are only available by prescription.
- The kind of drug prescribed will be based on where you are traveling and your medical history.
- Different regions have different types of malaria and your doctor must be informed of all destination plans to properly prescribe medicines.
- Take anti-malarials exactly on schedule without missing doses.
- The CDC recommends the following based on travel destination and medical history, along with your doctor's recommendation: Mefloquine (brand name Larium), Chloroquine (brand name Aralen), Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (brand name Plaquenil), and Doxycycline. There is Chloroquine-resistant malaria in some regions (check with the CDC or the World Health Organization). While Mefloquine is the most prescribed and supposedly the most effective, side effects have been noted to effect some. People with any psychiatric indications, including depression or panic attacks, should not take the drug. Make sure your doctor knows your medical history before prescribing any medications.
Please note: You can contract malaria despite prevention measures. If you are experiencing symptoms after travel to an exposed area, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Related Links
Malaria Foundation International
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